Calorie Diet Menu - 7 Day Lose 2. Pounds Weight Loss Meal Plan. Day 4. Breakfast. Microwave 3. 0 seconds on High. Sprinkle on 1 ounce shredded reduced- fat cheese. Top with salsa and another tortilla; microwave 4. High. Serve over salad greens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diet. TYPE 2 DIABETES OVERVIEWDiet and physical activity are critically important in the management of the ABCs (A1. C, Blood pressure, and Cholesterol) of type 2 diabetes. To effectively manage glycated hemoglobin (A1. C) and blood sugar levels, it is important to understand how to balance food intake, physical activity, and medication. Making healthy food choices every day has both immediate and long- term effects. Type 2 diabetic diet plan focus on weight control but the main goal for type 2 diabetes diet is to prevent sugar level from spiking.If you have type 2 diabetes, you know how important your dietary choices are. Learn how to get the nutrients you need while managing your blood sugar. For folks with diabetes, weight loss is a natural form of “medication.” Reams of research prove that losing even just a few pounds is an effective way to control. If you’re ready to lose weight and improve your diabetes (or kick it to the curb entirely), use an expert weight loss diet plan to guide you. We review five options. With education, practice, and assistance from a dietitian and/or a diabetes educator, it is possible to eat well and control diabetes. This article discusses diet in the management of type 2 diabetes. You're likely a pro at comparing calories and carbs when choosing between two foods. But what you might overlook is how filling the foods are. Figuring out what will. The role of diet and activity in managing blood pressure and cholesterol are reviewed separately. Many of these factors are controlled by the person with diabetes, including how much and what is eaten, how frequently the blood sugar is monitored, physical activity levels, and accuracy and consistency of medication dosing. Even small changes can affect blood sugar control. Eating a consistent amount of food every day and taking medications as directed can greatly improve blood sugar control and decrease the risk of diabetes- related complications, such as coronary artery disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage. In addition, these measures impact weight control. A dietitian can help to create a food plan that is tailored to a person's medical needs, lifestyle, and personal preferences. TYPE 2 DIABETES, DIET, AND WEIGHTYour weight is a direct reflection of how much you eat and how active you are. Eating a consistent number of calories every day can help to control blood glucose levels and maintain body weight. In people who are overweight or obese, losing weight by eating fewer calories or increasing activity levels can improve blood sugar control and lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Weight loss — Many people with type 2 diabetes are overweight. Losing even a small amount of weight (5 to 1. In fact, eating fewer calories can reduce blood sugar levels even before the first pound is lost. There are several strategies that can aid in weight loss, including eating fewer calories, exercise, weight loss medications, and weight loss surgery. These treatments are discussed in detail in separately. To lose 1 to 2 pounds per week, he should eat 1. As weight is lost, the recommended calorie intake should be recalculated. Avoiding weight gain — Weight gain is a potential side effect of intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Weight gain is also a side effect of some oral medications used for people with type 2 diabetes. To avoid weight gain, the following tips are recommended. Weight gains of more than 2 to 3 pounds indicate a need to decrease the amount you eat or increase activity. Do not wait until weight increases by 1. The recommended amount of exercise is 3. If exercise is vigorous and prolonged (more than 3. Frequent monitoring can help to get a sense of what effect exercise has on the blood glucose level. If your blood sugar level becomes low during exercise, eat a snack according to the guidelines below. If your next meal is more than an hour away, eat an additional 1. It is important not to eat too much, because this can raise blood sugar levels above the target level and lead to weight gain over the long term. Adjusting insulin dose for exercise — People who take oral diabetes medications usually do not need to adjust the dose of these medications for exercise. If you take insulin, it may be possible to reduce your insulin dose before exercising to avoid developing low blood glucose. A physician, diabetes educator, dietitian, or exercise physiologist can help to determine the best way to adjust your insulin dose before, during, and after exercising. TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ALCOHOLDrinking a moderate amount of alcohol (up to one serving per day for women, up to two servings per day for men) with food does not affect blood glucose levels significantly. Alcohol may cause a slight rise in blood glucose, followed hours later by a decrease in the blood glucose level. As a result, it is important to monitor blood glucose response to alcohol to determine if any changes in insulin doses are needed. Mixers, such as fruit juice or regular cola, can increase blood glucose levels and increase the number of calories consumed in a day. Also, calories from alcohol have little nutritional value and may interfere with efforts to lose weight or contribute to weight gain. If you take oral diabetes medications, you will not need to adjust your medication, as long as you drink the alcohol in moderation and with food. TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CARBOHYDRATE CONSISTENCYCarbohydrates are the main energy source in the diet and include starches, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and sugars. Most meats and fats do not contain any carbohydrates. Carbohydrates have a direct impact on the blood glucose level whereas proteins and fat have little to no impact. Eating a consistent amount of carbohydrates at each meal can help to control blood glucose levels, especially in people who take oral diabetes medications or long- acting insulin (eg, NPH). People with type 2 diabetes should focus on reducing calories and increasing physical activity, especially when newly diagnosed or if the pancreas is still producing some insulin. People who have type 2 diabetes and are lean or not interested in losing weight could consider a focus on maintaining their weight with carbohydrate counting. Carbohydrate counting may also be helpful for those who are on multiple daily injections. Carbohydrate counting — A dietitian usually helps to determine the number of carbohydrates you need at each meal and snack, based upon an individual's usual eating habits, diabetes medications, body weight, nutritional goals, and activity level. In most people, between 4. The way carbohydrates are divided up for each meal or snack is based upon personal preferences, meal timing and spacing, and type of diabetes medications (table 1). The number of carbohydrates in a food can be determined by reading the nutrition label, consulting a reference book or website, carrying a database on a personal digital assistant (PDA), or using the Exchange system. Restaurants usually have this information available upon request. Eating more than one serving will increase the number of calories consumed and the dose of insulin needed to cover the meal. For example, some prepackaged snacks contain two or more servings. To calculate the carbohydrate content of the entire package, multiply the number of servings by the number of carbohydrates per serving. When a serving of food has more than 5 grams of fiber, the grams of fiber should be subtracted from the grams of carbohydrates to calculate the insulin dose (figure 1). Exchange planning — With exchange planning, all foods are categorized as either a carbohydrate, meat or meat substitute, or fat. In this system, one serving of a carbohydrate (eg, one small apple) can be exchanged for any other carbohydrate (eg, 1/3 cup cooked pasta), because both portions contain about 1. You can also easily determine the carbohydrate content of your meals and snacks using the Exchange system (table 2). The exchange lists also identify foods that are good sources of fiber, and foods that have a high sodium content. A dietitian can help you determine how many servings of each group should be eaten at each meal and snack (table 2) and the typical carbohydrate content of each meal and snack. Meal timing — Consistently eating at the same times every day is important for some people, especially those who take long- acting insulin (eg, NPH) and oral medications that decrease blood sugar levels (sulfonylureas or meglitinides). If a meal is skipped or delayed while on these regimens, you are at risk for developing low blood glucose. People who use intensive insulin therapy (those on multiple daily injections) and people who take other types of oral diabetes medications (eg, insulin sensitizers such as metformin) have more flexibility around meal timing. With these regimens, skipping or delaying a meal does not usually increase the risk of low blood sugar. Foods or meals that are high in fat (eg, pizza) may be eaten occasionally, although blood sugar levels should be monitored more closely. High- fat meals are broken down more slowly than low- fat meals. When using rapid- acting insulin before a meal, the blood sugar level may become low shortly after eating a high- fat meal and then rise hours later. Intensive insulin therapy — People who take multiple injections of rapid- acting insulin per day can adjust their pre- meal insulin dose based upon the number of carbohydrates they plan to eat and their pre- meal blood glucose. This requires the person to perform basic arithmetic. The pre- meal insulin dose is calculated by dividing the number of carbohydrates to be consumed by the number of carbohydrates covered by one unit of insulin (insulin- to- carbohydrate ratio). This dose is then adjusted based upon the pre- meal blood glucose reading (see below). This allows the person to calculate the dose of rapid- acting insulin needed to cover a meal or snack. For example, if the insulin- to- carbohydrate ratio is 1 to 1. If the person ate a meal with 7. The correction factor can be determined by a dietitian or diabetes educator. For example, let's assume that the correction factor is 3. If the pre- meal blood glucose was 2. L and the goal blood glucose was 1. L, take 2. 40 minus 1. Then 1. 20 divided by 3. WHAT SHOULD I EAT? There is not a single optimal diet or meal plan for people with diabetes. The proportion of carbohydrates, fat, and protein should be individualized based upon the metabolic status of the individual (weight loss needs, lipid levels, renal function, and blood pressure) and food preferences. While protein and fat do not affect blood glucose levels significantly, they do contribute to the number of calories consumed. Eating a consistent number of calories every day can help to maintain body weight.
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